Substances which increase the efficiency of mentation and perception. The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. The scheme, dreamed up in 1962 by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (uniformed members of the U.S. Department of Defense who advise the president and others), involved committing acts of violence against U.S. and Cuban civilians and then blaming those acts on the Cuban government, according to the NSA documents. Declassified Army and CIA Manuals. (each link will open a new tab in your browser), "Operation Big Buzz occurred in May 1955 in the U.S. State of Georgia. "Between April and November 1956, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted Operation Drop Kick[1] to test the practicality of employing mosquitoes to carry an entomological warfare agent in different ways. As part of a mass declassification of a number of secrets in 2012, the U.S. Air Force revealedthat its Aeronautical Systems Division had plans to produce aUFO-style aircraft back in the 1950s. These tests showed that mosquitoes could be spread by means of various devices. "Operation Northwoods was a proposed false flag operation against the Cuban government that originated within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) of the United States government in 1962. This category contains the known or alleged operations of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States . Fear of the enemy ran rampant among Americans, especially upon the sharp increase in PTSD in Korean POWs. [67]:141, His work was inspired and paralleled by the British psychiatrist William Sargant at St Thomas' Hospital, London, and Belmont Hospital, Sutton, who was also involved in the Secret Intelligence Service and who experimented on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage. (Keystone/Getty Images), A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. Olson, a United States Army biochemist and biological weapons researcher, was given LSD without his knowledge or consent in November 1953, as part of a CIA experiment, and died by suicide by jumping out of a 13th-story window a week later. Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. !<-- Layton (2007), Whistle-Blower's Fight For Pension Drags On, The Washington Post -->, US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program, European Parliament report of February 2007, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, U.S. intelligence involvement with German and Japanese war criminals after World War II, CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities, CIA's relationship with the United States Military, Classified information in the United States, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Department of Homeland Security, "Review of 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA', "Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture", "Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas", "Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques", "New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process", "Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 December 2005", "Obama preserves renditions as counter-terrorism tool", "N.Y. billing dispute reveals details of secret CIA rendition flights", "Under Obama Administration Renditionsand Secrecy Around ThemContinue", "Resolution 1507: Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states", Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, "Outsourcing Torture: The secret history of America's 'extraordinary rendition' program", "Afghan Base Hit by Attack Has Pivotal Role in Conflict", "Intelligence Reform is the President's Urgent Challenge", "A Bombshell on Pinochet's Guilt, Delivered Too Late", "Doctors Aided CIA Torture, Records Show", "CIA Made Doctors Complicit in Torture After 9/11, Report Says", "The Snowden Affair: Electronic Briefing Book No. [70] Their experiences and lawsuit were adapted in the 1998 television miniseries The Sleep Room. The following 99 pages are in this category, out of 99 total. Reilly, Edward C. "Ken Kesey." The doctor was later arrested and sentenced to a lengthy prison term on allegedly unrelated charges. . Substances which produce physical disablement such as paralysis of the legs, acute anemia, etc. ", Dianne Feinstein, Chairwoman of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, As mandated by Title 50 of the United States Code Chapter 15, Subchapter III, when it becomes necessary to limit access to covert operations findings that could affect vital interests of the U.S., as soon as possible the President must report at a minimum to the Gang of Eight (the leaders of each of the two parties from both the Senate and House of Representatives, and the chairs and ranking members of both the Senate Committee and House Committee for intelligence). According to the Church Committee, "such materials were used on a number of occasions". "80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". If you think the government has too much power these days, just see what the CIA was up to in the 50s and 60s. Substances which will promote illogical thinking and impulsiveness to the point where the recipient would be discredited in public. "[41], According to Timothy Naftali, "The CIAs central concern [in recruiting former Nazi collaborators] was not so much the extent of the criminals guilt as the likelihood that the agents criminal past could remain a secret. At first, everyone in Technical Services tried it; a typical experiment involved two people in a room where they observed each other for hours and took notes. Another memorandum dated June 14, 1918 - written in French - reveals the formula used for German secret ink. [45][37], Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi has stated that the CIA repeatedly misled Congress since 2001 about waterboarding and other torture, though Pelosi admitted to being told about the programs. Throughout its history, the CIA has been the subject of a number of controversies, both at home and abroad. [30], The project attempted to produce a perfect truth drug for interrogating suspected Soviet spies during the Cold War, and to explore other possibilities of mind control. Many were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party. This resulted in the withdrawal of support by many academics and private researchers, and LSD research became less of a priority altogether. [22], The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and targeted killings and assassinations. "The whole committee was stunned. William Kampiles, a low-level worker in the CIA 24-hour Operations Center, sold the Soviets a detailed operational manual for the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite. With a career at CIA, youll be part of an innovative community of intelligence professionals who are dedicated to safeguarding our Nation. [13]:74[16][17][18] Over 7,000 American veterans took part in these experiments non-consensually during the 1950s through 1970s, many of them suing later on. As Aeby later said, "It was there so I shot it.". It is not as if this was an oversight and over the years it just got buried. [48], Once Project MKUltra got underway in April 1953, experiments included administering LSD to mental patients, prisoners, drug addicts, and prostitutes "people who could not fight back," as one agency officer put it. For other uses, see, 1994 U.S. General Accounting Office report. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. NY 10036. Although part of the U.S. government's anti-communist Cuban Project, Operation Northwoods was never officially accepted; it was authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, but then rejected by President John F. Kennedy. [80][81], In Canada, the issue took much longer to surface, becoming widely known in 1984 on a CBC news show, The Fifth Estate. A second defector, Yuri Nosenko, challenged Golitsyn's claims, with the two calling one another Soviet double agents. Ancient bird with T. rex-like skull discovered in China, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago, Utah's Great Salt Lake is on the verge of collapse, and could expose millions to arsenic laced dust. The committee noted that the "experiments sponsored by these researchers call into question the decision by the agencies not to fix guidelines for experiments.". The CIA wanted to verse itself in this type of "mind control" to be able to recognize and use it in case of a conflict with the USSR. The inquiry resulted in criminal charges against 14 U.S. Army officers, all but one of whom were acquitted for their crimes. During its operational life, CORONA collected over 800,000 images in response to the national security requirements of the time. "[69] However, according to some reports, Brennan didn't apologize for spying or doing anything wrong at all, even though his agency had been improperly accessing computers of the Senate Select Intelligence Committee (SSCI) and then, in the words of investigative reporter Dan Froomkin, "speaking a lie". Now declassified, CIA documents on the project reveal the incredible scope and challenges of the U-2's development that were carried out in secrecy. Detailed Assessment of the Gateway Process From cia.gov. [33] CIA counter-intelligence chief James Jesus Angleton believed that a mole had penetrated the organization at the highest levels. This prompted Senators Dianne Feinstein and Patrick Leahy, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee to insist that no one should go outside the law. Another part of CIA, the Directorate of Operations, collects human intelligence (HUMINT) in these areas. Since 1995, the Agency has released over 30 million pages as a result of Executive Orders, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), the Privacy Act, and mandatory declassification reviews. [18], Perhaps the most disruptive incident involving counterintelligence was James Jesus Angleton's search for a mole,[19] based on the statements of a Soviet defector, Anatoliy Golitsyn. These documents were fully investigated during the Senate Hearings of 1977.[13]. Substances which alter personality structure in such a way the tendency of the recipient to become dependent upon another person is enhanced. cities. With projects like the A-12 having proven just how valuable stealth could be for aircraft, and advancements in radar technology on the rise, the demand for an armed, stealth capable . Physical methods of producing shock and confusion over extended periods of time and capable of surreptitious use. "Since 1962, three successive presidents had ordered the director of central intelligence to spy on Americans. [68], In July 2014 CIA Director John O. Brennan had to apologize to lawmakers because five CIA employees (two lawyers and three computer specialists) had surreptitiously searched Senate Intelligence Committee files and reviewed some committee staff members' e-mail on computers that were supposed to be exclusively for congressional investigators. The trove contains files covering a wide range of secrets, from the mundane to the mind-blowing and, yes, even UFOS. The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, Department of Defense and other national security agencies studied thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances. In addition, the inquiry is likely to look at the Bush administration's program of eavesdropping without warrants and its detention and interrogation program. Indeed, as Justice Brennan observes, the United States played an instrumental role in the criminal prosecution of Nazi officials who experimented with human subjects during the Second World War, and the standards that the Nuremberg Military Tribunals developed to judge the behavior of the defendants stated that the 'voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential to satisfy moral, ethical, and legal concepts.' Sign up now. [23], During Bush's year in charge of the CIA, the U.S. national security apparatus actively supported Operation Condor operations and right-wing military dictatorships in Latin America. A material which will cause mental confusion of such a type the individual under its influence will find it difficult to maintain a fabrication under questioning. ", "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66", "I'm Whitey Bulger. The project's. ", "Operation Big Itch was a September 1954 series of tests at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. From September 20 to 27, 1950, the U.S. Navy released the pathogens off the shore of San Francisco. In addition to LSD, the Army also tested quinuclidinyl benzilate, a hallucinogen code-named BZ. (1995). 1. In 1977, during a hearing held by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, to look further into MKUltra, Admiral Stansfield Turner, then Director of Central Intelligence, revealed that the CIA had found a set of records, consisting of about 20,000 pages,[78] that had survived the 1973 destruction orders because they had been incorrectly stored at a records center not usually used for such documents. (Image credit: National Archives and Records Administration). [61], Some subjects' participation was consensual, and in these cases they appeared to be singled out for even more extreme experiments. [20] Many CIA officers fell under career-ending suspicion; the details of the relative truths and untruths from Nosenko and Golitsyn may never be released, or, in fact, may not be fully understood. The operation recommended developing a "Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities and even in Washington". Washington, D.C., February 12, 2010 - For the first time, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has declassified substantive information on one of its most secret and sensitive schemes, "Project Azorian," the Agency codename for its ambitious plan to raise a sunken Soviet submarine from the floor of the Pacific Ocean in order to retrieve its secrets. and other United States agencies employed at least a thousand Nazis as Cold War spies and informants and, as recently as the 1990s, concealed the governments ties to some still living in America, newly disclosed records and interviews show. [66] They conducted experiments with drug-induced hypnosis and with anterograde and retrograde amnesia while under the influence of such drugs. From a secret U.S Air Force project to build a flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs, below are 10 declassified military and CIA secrets. Central Intelligence Agency front organizations, People killed in Central Intelligence Agency operations, International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA, Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis, Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Joint Publications Research Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations&oldid=711930997, This page was last edited on 25 March 2016, at 20:06. [62], MKUltra's researchers later dismissed LSD as too unpredictable in its results. Italian Prime Minister at the time, the late Giulio Andreotti divulged information about Italy's secret Cold War army (known as Gladio) in 1990, becoming the first leader of a NATO country to publicly acknowledge one of these forces. "[37], Several investigations led by the Church Committee, Rockefeller Commission and Pike Committee have been conducted about the CIA, and many documents have been declassified. [1] Chemical Corps personnel participating in the tests were not volunteers and were not informed of the tests. [1] Jeffrey T. Richelson of the National Security Archive has been critical of its claims. Documents describing secret writing fall under the CIA's purview to declassify. [53] In other experiments where people were given LSD without their knowledge, they were interrogated under bright lights with doctors in the background taking notes. More than 800,000 photographs were sent over the following 18 months to the National Archives and the US Geological Survey. Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra)[a] was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. Working with the CIA, the Department of Defense gave hallucinogenic drugs to thousands of "volunteer" soldiers in the 1950s and 1960s. "Operation Sea-Spray was a 1950 U.S. Navy secret experiment in which Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area in California. [5], In 1973, amid a government-wide panic caused by Watergate, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered all MKUltra files destroyed. [citation needed] The CIA itself subsequently acknowledged that these tests had little scientific rationale. The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. I think this is as serious as it gets," stated Anna Eshoo, Chairman, Subcommittee on Intelligence Community Management, U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). None of Cameron's personal records of his involvement with MKUltra survived because his family destroyed them after his death.[82][83]. The documents showed that the CIA purchased some quantities of LSD from Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. Soldiers in the withdrawal of support by many academics and private researchers, and LSD Research became of... `` Communist Cuban terror campaign in the withdrawal of support by many academics and researchers! General Accounting Office report [ 66 ] They conducted experiments with drug-induced and... Amnesia while under the influence of such drugs LSD from Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland [ ]. 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